THE HOLM TEAM
Agriculture. Resources. International
Cooperation
______________________________________________________________________________________
R.R. #1, HP-8, Bowen Island, B.C., Canada V0N
1G0
Phone:
(604) 947-2893
www.farmertofarmer.ca
Fax: (604) 947-2321
www.theholmteam.ca
holm@farmertofarmer.ca
A Letter of Invitation to Come to Cuba in 2010
from Wendy Holm, Leader
Canada Cuba Farmer to
Farmer Project
As a Canadian Agrologist, I very much welcome your interest in this very
special Program!
Since 1999, Canada-Cuba Farmer to Farmer Project has been bringing
farmers together to share knowledge and experience in the areas of
sustainable agriculture.
Cuba is a world leader in the rapid adoption of sustainable farming
practices, the replacement of farm chemicals with natural,
biological controls and state support for urban, organic agriculture
and measures to stimulate peri-urban agriculture. Canada is a
world leader in best farm management practices, farm cooperatives and
the development of farmer-led marketing initiatives. Together, we
have more answers than we have apart. The Project objectives are to
create
cooperative capacity building in support of sustainable agriculture in
both countries.
When the Soviet Union collapsed, all of
Cuba’s sectors were forced to adapt to a new reality. In
agriculture the challenge was particularly severe: Cuba had to
move overnight from a monoculture farm economy based on sugar to a
nation that could feed its population – 80 percent of which are in the
cities - from a diversified production base. This, without
the benefit of farm inputs, machinery, gasoline, fertilizers,
pesticides, or feed. To accomplish this, the State looked
to Cuba’s traditional farm cooperatives for the model.
• Massive
state farms were broken up and the land redistributed into smaller,
worker-owned cooperatives.
•
Traditional farming methods were adopted, such as the use of oxen to
work the land. Cuba’s research institutes were tasked with the
responsibility of finding ways to replace chemicals with natural
fertilizers, integrated pest management and biological controls.
•
Small labs to produce the products needed by the farmers in each area
(Centers for the Reproduction of Entomopathogens and Entomophagos) were
set up across the countryside.
•
Special incentives were created to encourage peri-urban agriculture.
•
Vacant land in the cities was put to work (incentives), and urban
agriculture flourished.
•
In 1998, Cuba won the Swedish Parliament’s Right Livelihood Award for
global leadership in organic agriculture.
•
This summer, David Suzuki’s two part special on Cuba that highlighted
Cuba’s accomplishments in sustainable farming methods.
•
This fall, Cuba was named the only country in the world to reach
national sustainability by the World Wildlife Fund.
•
On May 24, 2007, our project Enhancing Sustainable Dairy
Production Capacity in Cuba (a farmer to farmer dairy project
we have been leading through the Canadian NGO International Centre for
Sustainable Cities; we will visit this project as part of our tour) won
the prestigious Sustainable Development of Natural Resources or
Protection of the Environment Award, as part of the 15th Annual
Canadian Awards for International Cooperation.
The Program is 14 days in length. Days one, two and three are
spent in orientation meetings in Varadero, The next 8 days
are spent days in four Cuban provinces — Ciego De Avila, Camaguey,
Granma and Santiago de Cuba — visiting farms, agri-processing
facilities, research stations and intensive urban agriculture
cooperatives (Organoponicos) and meeting with and exchanging
experiences with Cuban farmers. On day 12 we travel to Havana,
where we rest for a weekend prior to returning home.
There have been 26 Delegations of Canadian farmers – 482 in all - who
have traveled to Cuba with this Program since 1999.
As noted above, farmers
participating inn this year’s Program will also have the opportunity to
visit a dairy cooperative we have been working with on a
farmer-to-farmer basis for 18 months to create a sustainable dairy
production model based on solar powered fences, rotational pastures,
grass/legume “pedestals” and on-farm ration production. In a very
short time, milk production has tripled. This project - Enhancing Sustainable Dairy
Production Capacity in Cuba, undertaken through the support fof the
Canadian International Development Agency and Canadian NGO International
Centre for Sustainable Cities - is what won us international
recognition at the
15th Annual Canadian Awards for International
Cooperation this May. We have two more years of work
to perfect the model. Subsequent to that, we hope to
replicate this success in a peri-urban setting using municipal effluent
for irrigation. We will visit the site of this next project
in Bayamo.
It has been said that Cuba is both far behind us and way ahead of
us. Of course, not all of Cuba’s approaches are
transferable. Different climate, Different labour costs.
Different farm economy. But surprisingly, many are.
In 2006, I brought a group of Canadian entomologists to Cuba to
learn how a relatively poor country like Cuba has achieved world
leadership in the production of biological controls. They were
impressed.
For five years I have had the pleasure of teachin a 3-week university
course for
Canadian students (UBC AGSC 302 International Field Studies in
Sustainable Agriculture: Cuba). At the end of the course, they
must answer the questions “What is happening in this country, what
factors have influenced this, and what lessons, if any, does Cuba’s
experience offer the rest of the world. With permission, the
essay of one student is attached.
This program offers Canadian farmers the opportunity to see and
experience first hand how a small country can achieve what the rest of
the world is trying to accomplish in a vibrant and engaging
farmer-to-farmer context,
The cost to participate as a Delegate in our 2010 Program is $3,100 CAD
plus airfare. This includes all accommodation, all meals
(excluding beverages and 3 lunches and 2 dinners in Havana),
transportation in Cuba, translation, and airport transfers in
Cuba. Additional costs incurred by each Delegate may
include airport parking, airport accommodation in Canada (for flights
departing or returning late at night or in the early morning hours),
airport departure taxes (Cuba $25 USD), the cost of connecting flights,
if any, tips and incidental expenses.
If you are a farmer, we would be very pleased to have you and
your family members join us. This trip is deductible as a
business expense for farmers.
Please feel free to contact me for any further information!
Warm regards
Wendy Holm, P.Ag.
______________________________________________________
UBC AGSC 302: Field Studies in
Sustainable Agriculture, Cuba, May 1-22, 2005,
Essay submitted in partial
fulfillment of course requirements
June 5, 2005
Question: What is happening in Cuban agriculture, what are
the factors supporting this, and what, if any, relevance does this have
to broader issues of global concern?
Cuba’s experiment in organic agriculture does have
relevance for the wider world – if we are first careful to understand
the unique circumstances of their success. Cuba differs greatly from
the majority of the modern world, especially since the collapse of the
Soviet bloc. It is isolated, politically, economically and
geographically. There is an overwhelming amount of state presence and
control in nearly all economic activity. The influence, limited to the
point of imperceptibility, of multinational corporations on both the
economy and state policy bears almost no comparison to current trends
in the rest of the world where these corporations often exercise
significant control over government policy through their economic
clout. Politically, despite one-party rule there is a significant and,
frankly, surprising amount of political freedom and an empowering
grassroots structure to political organization. This is combined with a
powerful and wide-reaching state apparatus, allowing for much higher
levels of state control and faster action than in most of the Western
democratic countries.
There are also issues of resource scarcity and necessity, both of which
are somewhat unique to Cuba. Following the collapse of the Soviet bloc,
due to Cuba’s political and economic isolation, importing food at
affordable prices was not a plausible option, nor was the continued
import of agricultural inputs, fuels or machinery. Cuba simply lacked
the resources to either continue with industrial agriculture or to feed
its own people with food imports. This left two options: political and
economic reform, likely to be on the Americans’ terms, in order to end
the blockade, or massive agricultural reform with the goal of
self-sufficiency. The first option was for obvious reasons unpalatable
to the Cuban government; this left them with the absolute necessity of
devising a way to feed their people without modern machinery, inputs or
techniques. Cuba’s experiment in organic agriculture was thus not truly
an experiment but rather a matter of national survival.
The development of organic agriculture in the West will, in all
likelihood, take place very differently than it has in Cuba – barring,
of course, an agricultural crisis brought on by falling yields.
Currently organic agriculture is developing along a grassroots path –
adopted piecemeal by individual farmers concerned with environmental
impacts or with the economics of production (especially given rising
demand for organically-produced goods). Without a serious food
supply crisis, western states are unlikely to throw their weight behind
a national-scale transition to organic agriculture – the status quo
will rule, supported by the political and economic clout of large
agribusiness which stands to lose the most from a transition to
reduced-input, reduced-mechanization, reduced-GMO and reduced-monocrop
style of production characteristic of organic agriculture.
Even should these states want to support organic agriculture, they
would not be able to support it nearly as effectively as the Cuban
government, which after all does, for better or for worse, exercise a
far higher level of control over political and economic activity than
do any Western countries. Furthermore, it is an unfortunate reality
that, facing the combined political and economic clout of MNCs, global
financial institutions promoting austerity at all costs to national
development, cheap imports of agricultural products from world markets
and economically powerful nations bent on preserving their interests
regardless of the sovereignty of others, most developing countries
simply lack the ability to transform their agricultural production from
industrial monocrop agriculture to sustainable, low-input,
self-sufficient agriculture.
Cuba’s importance is not, therefore, as a blueprint for the development
of organic agriculture in the rest of the world; Cuba’s circumstances
are, for the most part, unique and irreproducible. Cuba’s key
importance lies in the fact that it is a working refutation of the idea
promoted by many that organic agriculture is incapable of meeting world
food needs. A country with few resources, few allies, limited income
and a colonial past which left them far behind much of the world in
terms of national development has managed on a national scale that
which many have proclaimed impossible.
Cuba’s example will help support the expansion of organic agriculture
in Western nations as well as providing an alternative framework for
agricultural recovery should the threatened agricultural crisis arrive.
Rather than showing what should be done, it shows what is possible: a
better lesson in the end, as nations with vastly different
circumstances will be able to apply Cuba’s knowledge and achievements
in politically, culturally and economically appropriate ways - that is,
if they are willing to learn these lessons. So far it appears that they
are not; it appears that there will need to be some sort of crisis of
necessity, just as there was in Cuba, to promote the massive change in
thinking and practices necessary for the national-level transitions to
organic and sustainable agriculture. If we do not learn before it is
too late then, at the very least, we will know that there is the
potential for sufficient production should current practices prove
truly unsustainable. It is to be hoped, however, that Cuba’s example
will motivate others, be they individuals or states, to attempt the
same, in adapted and appropriate ways, while the adoption of organic
and sustainable agriculture is still a luxury rather than a necessity.